JOSEPH R LIEBEZEIT,^1,* PAUL A SMITH,² RICHARD B LANCTOT,³ HANS SCHEKKERMAN,⁴ INGRID TULP,⁴ STEVE J KENDALL,⁵ DIANE M TRACY,⁶ ROBERT J RODRIGUES,⁷ HANS MELTOFTE,⁸ JULIE A ROBINSON,^9,** CHERI GRATTO-TREVOR,¹⁰ BRIAN J MCCAFFERY,¹¹ JULIE MORSE,¹² STEVE W ZACK<sup>1

1</sup>1Wildlife Conservation Society, Pacific West Office, 219 SW Stark St., Suite 200, Portland, OR 97204
²2National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3,
³3U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E. Tudor Rd., MS 201, Anchorage, AK
⁴4Institute of Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, P.O. Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherland
⁵5U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave., Room 236, Box 20, F
⁶63865 Potter Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709
⁷7LGL Alaska Research Associates, Inc., 1101 E. 76th Avenue, Suite B, Anchorage, AK 99518
⁸8National Environmental Research Institute, Department of the Arctic Environment, P.O. Box 358, DK-4
⁹9Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Program, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89501
¹⁰10Prairie and Northern Wildlife Centre, Canadian Wildlife Service, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, Sa
¹¹11U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 346, Bethel, AK 99559
¹²12Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Dept. of Biology and Wildlife, 209 Irving I Bl

^*Corresponding author. E-mail: jliebezeit@wcs.org
^**Present address: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Mail Code SA5, Houston, TX 77058.